https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/ Journal of Combat Medicine en daily 1 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246426.html On the bloody morning of the eleventh day of the blessed month of Ramadan, once again, the pillars of guidance, in the altar of service and worship, were cowardly assassinated with the weapons of hatred, enmity, disbelief, and atheism, and in the vicinity of divine mercy. The lofty spirit of the leader of Muslims, the loud cry of justice and the unwavering standard-bearer of humanity, after a lifetime of jihad and service, in the battlefield against the filthiest germs of corruption and destruction and the most hostile enemies of God Almighty, joined the kingdom of the Most High. While condoling this great loss to the holy site of the great Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) and the Imam of the Time, may Allah hasten his return, and the noble, resistant, and martyr-raising people of Islamic Iran, one of the valuable and mysterious legacies of that martyred Imam is mentioned in this passage. The great efforts and struggles of the glorious nation and the sent ummah will provide the conditions for the final victory of Islam and the emergence of the promised justice, God willing. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246427.html The lived experience of a nation in the face of existential crises forms the foundation of its scientific and managerial identity. As the Iranian health system enters the new decades of the 15th century AH, revisiting the experiences of the Sacred Defense is not a symbolic choice, but a strategic necessity to strengthen national resilience. In this regard, the unveiling of the three-volume book series “Healthcare Management in Sacred Defense” (authored by Dr. Parviz Vazirian and Zeinab Yazdani; Defense Health Research Center) at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran has provided a valuable opportunity to explore the connection between field experiences and academic knowledge. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246431.html Background and Aim: This scoping review examines research on sustainable development and security in southeastern Iran, focusing on Sistan and Baluchestan Province, based on over 127 national and international sources from 2014 to 2025. The primary aim is to map the current state of research across key axes: health equity, biological threats and bio-defense, water scarcity crisis, dust storms and social health impacts on marginalized populations, institutional synergy, and foresight of emerging threats.Methods: The methodology follows the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, involving systematic searches in databases like SID, PubMed, Scopus, and official reports; screening with inclusion/exclusion criteria; data extraction using quantitative tools (Gini coefficient, Moran's statistics) and qualitative methods (thematic analysis); and SWOT analysis for each axis. Results: Findings reveal persistent inequalities in health equity: Gini coefficient for general practitioner distribution at 0.223-0.438 (higher than national average 0.19-0.22), with over 60% resources concentrated in major cities. Biological threats, such as bioterrorism, rank among the top five global risks, with simulations indicating 30-50% societal impact.Conclusion: Basij Medical Society covered over 65-75% of marginal areas during COVID-19, providing over 450,000 free visits and 180,000 mobile vaccinations. Water scarcity features annual groundwater decline of 50-80 cm, with participatory models increasing farmer involvement by 30-40%; forecasts to 2036 predict 18-25% rise in invasive vectors (malaria, leishmaniasis). Dust storms (PM10 up to 3,000 µg/m³) lead to 45-65% increase in child respiratory hospitalizations and 30-45% mental disorders in marginalized communities, with low social capital worsening health outcomes by 28-35%. Institutional HSE synergy reduces biological risks by 20-30% and boosts border service coverage to 80%. SWOT analysis highlights gaps like the absence of integrated multivariate models. Recommendations include conducting a comprehensive scoping review for data synthesis and evidence-based policy-making. This study provides a scientific foundation for the "Basij, Development, and Sustainable Security in Southeastern Iran" conference to strengthen the link between science and practice. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246563.html Background and Aim: Sistan and Baluchestan Province, the largest province in southeastern Iran, despite its strategic geographic location and predominantly young population, faces substantial disparities in development, infrastructure, and health indicators compared with national averages. This study aimed to analyze the health status of the province, identify the major healthcare challenges, and examine the effects of social determinants of health and climate change on health conditions and service delivery.Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical review of official reports, documentary evidence, and available research related to health and development in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Secondary data were obtained from reports of the Hamdelan Ayandehnegar Foundation of Sistan and Baluchestan (HASB), the Ministry of Health, and other relevant institutions. Health indicators, healthcare infrastructure, and the provincial health service network were analyzed, with particular attention to disparities from national averages and the impact of broader social and environmental determinants. Results: The findings indicate that health and development indicators in Sistan and Baluchestan are significantly lower than the national average. Life expectancy in the province is estimated to be approximately 7 years lower than the national mean, reflecting a considerable burden of health inequality and structural deprivation. Major healthcare challenges include high mortality and disability due to traffic accidents, communicable diseases, malnutrition, and population-related issues such as migration, addiction, and genetic and familial disorders. In addition, major deficiencies were identified in healthcare infrastructure, including shortages of more than 400 health houses, nearly 100 comprehensive health centers, and insufficient hospital space and bed capacity, particularly in the southern parts of the province. The findings also suggest that social determinants of health and climate-related factors, especially water scarcity, drought, intense rainfall, flooding, soil erosion, and desertification, play an important role in aggravating underdevelopment and health inequalities in the region.Conclusion: Improving health status and reducing inequalities in Sistan and Baluchestan require urgent expansion of healthcare infrastructure, completion of the health service network, accelerated construction and equipping of health and hospital facilities, and implementation of intersectoral interventions addressing water management, flood prevention, watershed management, and environmental degradation. Integrated policy measures targeting both healthcare system deficiencies and broader social and climatic determinants are essential for sustainable health improvement in the province. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246564.html Background and Aim: This study examines the health status of Sistan and Baluchestan province and analyzes it from the perspective of capacities, challenges, and necessities for sustainable development. Its main goal is to provide practical suggestions for the comprehensive development of the province.Methods: The data for this study were obtained using statistics from the Statistical Center of Iran, studies conducted at the provincial level, information published by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, as well as experiences gained in the world and the province, and interviews with some stakeholders. Results: The province’s important capacities include an extensive health network, local human resources such as community health workers (Behvarz), the capacity of universities of medical sciences, and the possibility of inter-sectoral and international cooperation to control border diseases. On the other hand, the province faces serious problems such as geographical dispersion, lack of infrastructure, lack of specialized personnel, management instability, unscientific interventions, poverty, malnutrition, lack of clean water, and high prevalence of diseases such as thalassemia, tuberculosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Also, this study shows that many of the province’s health indicators are still lower than the national average. The average age of those who die in this province is 50 years, which is the lowest compared to other provinces in the country and 20 years behind the highest province. Studies show that although more than 50% of the province's population is located in rural areas, unfortunately, the health and treatment network of this province, especially in Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences and Chabahar Faculty of Medical Sciences, has not yet been completed.Conclusion: Appropriate strategies in the short term to resolve problems include selecting permanent managers with a plan, justifying policymakers, completing health houses and health centers, and increasing mobile health teams, doctors, midwives, emergency services, and medicine. In the medium term, establishing a regional reference center for border infectious disease control, targeted training of local specialist personnel, strengthening the infrastructure of safe water in villages, and developing roads, and in the long term, developing a comprehensive local health plan are appropriate to improve the situation. Overall, strategic attention to the health of this province is essential for national development because it can become a model for the entire country, especially deprived areas. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246565.html Background and Aim: In strategic studies, sustainable security goes beyond military-centric approaches and emphasizes human, social, economic, biological, and health dimensions. In this framework, public health, as a key element, plays a central role in creating long-term stability and decreasing society's vulnerabilities. South - east of iran due to sensitive geopolitical location, long land and water borders with neighboring countries, environmental biology challenges such as chronic droughts, dust storms, and outbreaks of infectious diseases, and socio - economic issues, the influence of terrorist groups and smugglers, is a region where health has a great impact on the sustainability of national security.Methods: This research, with a descriptive - analytical approach with a comprehensive review of internal and foreign resources, deals to deep analysis of the role of health in sustainable security. After multi-stage screening, 60 documents were finally selected and analyzed after coding. Results: The findings of the research show that security problems and threats, health challenges, and medical infrastructure in the south - east regions, not only reduce the quality of life, but also help to create dissatisfaction and social instability, insecurity, forced immigration and border threats.Conclusion: Developing and upgrading health and medical centres in the south east region, allocating health funds from the security budget to the border, health education programs, tripartite agreements with neighbours, the establishment of health research centres, using modern technologies and health surveillance, integrated investment in border health, Strengthening the health and medical services of the armed forces, the Ministry of Health, social procurement, charities and NGOs, to provide health care services to the people of the region, along with the promotion of social awareness, economic development and creating people-centered security, can improved health and, as a result, sustainable security. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246568.html Background and Aim: Southeastern Iran, comprising Sistan and Baluchestan and parts of Kerman and Hormozgan Provinces, is entering a decisive decade. Despite its remarkable natural resources, cultural diversity, and unique geopolitical position, the region faces a combination of distinctive megachallenges and unprecedented opportunities. This study aims to simultaneously analyze these threats and opportunities and identify strategic megachallenges and mega opportunities for overcoming the duality of development and deprivation.Methods: This research employed a mixed-method approach. First, a systematic review of scientific literature, national policy documents, and official reports related to southeastern Iran was conducted. Subsequently, 43 semi structured interviews were carried out with national, provincial, and local experts using purposive sampling. The qualitative data were coded and analyzed through content analysis. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was performed to integrate the documentary and field based findings. Results: The results revealed several major megachallenges in the region, including chronic water scarcity, infrastructural and economic inequalities, vulnerability of health and education systems, weak integrated regional governance, out migration of skilled professionals, and expansion of social harms. Conversely, strategic positioning along international trade corridors, the development of the Makran Coast and the marine based economy, renewable energy potential, mineral capacities, and a young human capital were identified as key mega opportunities.Conclusion: This study demonstrates—through an analytical and forward looking perspective—that linking large scale economic projects with social and health impact frameworks, strengthening regional governance, and enhancing the retention of skilled human resources are essential for navigating the development–deprivation divide. These measures can guide southeastern Iran toward a sustainable and balanced development trajectory. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246571.html Background and Aim: During eight years of Iraq-Iran war (1980-88), many of Iranian cities and villages aimed by Iraqi artillery. The purpose of the present study was to determine civilian casualties resulting from Iraqi artillery attacks at non-military targets thought Iranian territories.Methods: The data collected about Iraqi missile strikes on Iranian cities included the following: date and time, number and type of missiles, cities targeted, and injuries and deaths resulting from impacts of missiles in civilian areas. The data were extracted from a database that was constructed by the army staff headquarters based on daily reports of Iranian army units during the war. Results: During the Iraq-Iran war, at least 3381 artillery attacks at Iranian cities and villages by Iraqi army had been recorded. These attacks resulted to martyrdom of about 2763 civilian and injuries of 16563 others. Twenty cities and 36 villages were aimed by Iraqi artillery. The highest of raids recorded in years 1360 and 1359 and the most deaths reported in years of 1360 and 1359 with 1258 and 1026, respectively. Abadan sustained the highest artillery raids and related Martyrs during eight years of the war.Conclusion: Due to our results and regarding the majority of people who live in our cities near to borders of Iranian territories, it is necessary to carry out preventive programs. Preparing of shelters is necessary in cities near to border. All groups that involve during military acts such as the civilian defense forces (including: Safety Services & Fire Fighting Organization and Iranian Red Crescent Society and volunteers), military forces, Emergency medical services and hospital personals must be trained to counter for these attacks. https://www.jmedbehrazm.ir/article_246572.html Background and Aim: In 2024, the three-volume set Healthcare Management in Holy Defense was published. This book represents the latest effort in the historiography of healthcare during the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988) and is considered one of the most comprehensive works produced in this field to date. Its review will pave the way for identifying another facet of the structure, pillars, and achievements of the country during the Sacred Defense from the perspective of healthcare.Methods: This article is the second attempt by this author to introduce published works in the historiography of healthcare during the Sacred Defense. The historical analysis approach is the methodology employed in both articles. The main focus of this article is on the interdisciplinary nature of this historiography and the effort to involve practitioners of the humanities in this historical narrative. Results: Healthcare Management in Holy Defense in three volumes, strives to present diverse data on the subject. In addition to the observations and efforts of Dr. Parviz Vazirian in his role as the manager of the Khuzestan province health network, a relatively extensive collection of interviews and notes from individuals who played a role in healthcare during the Sacred Defense has been compiled. Furthermore, the text of a collection of laws passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament) and cabinet decrees in this area has been gathered. This data serves as an excellent foundation for future research aimed at achieving an analytical history of healthcare during the Iraq-Iran War.Conclusion: Healthcare Management in Holy Defense is a distinguished work concerning the medicine of the Sacred Defense. The collected data, spanning over 1500 pages, can serve as a source for analytical studies in the field of Sacred Defense medicine, particularly for Master's degree theses.