Colorimetric Sensors: A Fast and Simple Response to the Threat of Nerve Agents in Military Medicine

Background and Aim: Nerve agents, one of the most deadly chemical agents that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, are considered a serious threat in battlefields and terrorist attacks. Given the limitations of accurate laboratory methods in critical situations, this study aimed to systematically investigate the capabilities of colorimetric sensors as a rapid and practical solution for field detection of nerve agents.
Methods: In this review, articles related to the design and application of colorimetric sensors for the detection of nerve agents were examined by systematically searching reputable databases. Types of sensors, including sensors based on small organic molecules, polymers, metal complexes, and nanomaterials, were analyzed in terms of mechanisms of action, sensitivity, selectivity, and application capabilities. 
Results: Colorimetric sensors with various mechanisms, including nucleophilic reactions, ring opening, and changes in nanoparticle aggregation, are capable of detecting nerve agents with low detection limits (in the nanomolar range) and short response times (less than a second). These sensors can be converted into paper strips and integrated into combat clothing, allowing for low-cost mass production. However, challenges in the fields of selectivity, environmental stability, and mass production still require further research.
Conclusion: Colorimetric sensors are considered a strategic and transformative solution in the military field. The development and localization of this technology, utilizing advanced nanomaterials and artificial intelligence, will play a vital role in enhancing defense capabilities and national security.